While I realize that the idea of nanobots most likely originated in Science Fiction novels, and probably not comics, they are a fact in real life.
Recently, Marvel's character Iron Man/Tony Stark has used nanobots (SPINtech and Project Achilles) to get a "leg up" on his adversaries.

Today, scientists are experimenting with nanobots crafted from DNA molecules. While it is said that they are still years away from any practical application in human health, who knows what the future may hold for such technology. Maybe, one day, the government will be fashioning super beings of its own.